Journal: PLoS Computational Biology

Article Title: Optimality Conditions for Cell-Fate Heterogeneity That Maximize the Effects of Growth Factors in PC12 Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003320

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The three typical states of PC12 cells. Whereas proliferating cells are usually rounded, differentiated cells have extended neurites, and dead cells are recognized as shrunken or fragmented cell bodies. EGF, epidermal growth factor; NGF, nerve growth factor. The values of proliferating ( ), differentiated ( ), and dead ( ) cells denote densities of each cell. Five parameters describe the transition rates of proliferation ( ), differentiation ( ), de-differentiation ( ), cell death from ( ), and cell death from ( ). We made a mathematical model of differential equations and estimated those five parameters using Bayesian inference. Details are shown in the Models section. (B) The experimental procedures used involved photographing randomly sampled places ( or ) on a dish, and then counting the numbers of cells with features of each of the three states defined above. Means ( ) and variances ( ) of the number of cells in each state were calculated by analysis of the entire surface of each dish.

Article Snippet: Two days after subculture, cells were treated with of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor (NGF) ( final concentration; Alomone Labs., Jerusalem, Israel), of recombinant murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) ( final concentration; Peprotech, London, UK), or of Hank's balanced salt solution for controls.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS Computational Biology

Article Title: Optimality Conditions for Cell-Fate Heterogeneity That Maximize the Effects of Growth Factors in PC12 Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003320

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–E) Individual experiments were repeated four times (means and standard errors are shown). We applied a simple one-sided –test with reference to a serum condition of HS and FBS, and calculated –values. Asterisks denote . In addition, we marked ‘ ’ or ‘ ’ on the bars for the effect size , and ‘ ’ or ‘ ’ for (the definition of is shown in the section). The plus ( , ) or minus ( , ) marks denote increase or decrease of mean parameter values compared with the control conditions, respectively. Details are shown in the section. (F) Diagrams of the responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) for each parameter are shown. The three sequential marks ( , and so on) are for the high serum ( horse serum (HS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS)) the low serum ( HS and FBS), and the serum free ( bovine serum albumin) conditions, respectively. The mark ‘ ’ (‘ ’) indicates increase (decrease) compared with the control conditions, and ‘ ’ denotes the absence of statistically significant differences between the parameter values.

Article Snippet: Two days after subculture, cells were treated with of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor (NGF) ( final concentration; Alomone Labs., Jerusalem, Israel), of recombinant murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) ( final concentration; Peprotech, London, UK), or of Hank's balanced salt solution for controls.

Techniques: Control

Journal: PLoS Computational Biology

Article Title: Optimality Conditions for Cell-Fate Heterogeneity That Maximize the Effects of Growth Factors in PC12 Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003320

Figure Lengend Snippet: Malthusian coefficient (A) and fluxes (B–G) were calculated using estimated parameters in . Calculations were made in the presence or absence of growth factors for three environmental serum conditions ( horse serum (HS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS), HS and FBS, and BSA). Fluxes were expressed as . The symbols ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, ‘ ’, and ‘ ’ denote the same meanings as those defined in . (H) Diagrams of the responses to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) for Malthusian coefficient and fluxes are shown. Three sequential marks ( , and so on) denote the same meanings of . The means of four independent experiments are shown with their standard errors.

Article Snippet: Two days after subculture, cells were treated with of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor (NGF) ( final concentration; Alomone Labs., Jerusalem, Israel), of recombinant murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) ( final concentration; Peprotech, London, UK), or of Hank's balanced salt solution for controls.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS Computational Biology

Article Title: Optimality Conditions for Cell-Fate Heterogeneity That Maximize the Effects of Growth Factors in PC12 Cells

doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003320

Figure Lengend Snippet: Responses to growth factors depended on the use of no (A), low (B), and high (C) serum conditions. Under control conditions, the black thick lines denote the increase of parameter values affected by serum-containing conditions compared with the serum-free condition, and the black dotted lines denote the decrease of the same parameter values. Under each serum condition, the red thick lines denote the increase of parameter values affected by growth factors, and the blue dotted lines denote the decrease of the same parameter values. Arrows and hammer-head arrows of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) denote increase or decrease of parameter values compared with the control conditions, respectively. Gray circles and arrows indicate the population-level cell fate in each conditions.

Article Snippet: Two days after subculture, cells were treated with of mouse 2.5S nerve growth factor (NGF) ( final concentration; Alomone Labs., Jerusalem, Israel), of recombinant murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) ( final concentration; Peprotech, London, UK), or of Hank's balanced salt solution for controls.

Techniques: Control